1999 : chronologie performance

1999

 

- ALBARRACIN Pilar, Precision/Precission, 1999. (video-performance, 1’34’’)

- ALBARRACIN Pilar, Spanish Tortilla, 1999 (vidéo-performance).

- ALBARRACIN Pilar, Time, (video-documentation, 20 minutes).

- ALMEIDA Helena, Desenho, 1999.

- ARAHMAIANI, Burning Bodies-Burning Countries II, Cultural Center Phillipines (CCP), Manila.

Installation and performance at the conference ‘Women Imaging Women: Home, Body, Memory’, Manille. Acrylic paint, plastic flowers, scissors, crowbar, rice, drum frame

This piece refers to a concrete incident: during a demonstration against the Suharto regime in May 1998, four students were killed. Riots and pillages, mostly directed against the Chinese population, were the consequence. Some 1500 people were victim of the three days of terror and hundreds of women raped.

- ARAHMAIANI, Dayang Sumbi Refuses Status Quo, Centre culturel français (CCF) Bandung.

- ARAHMAIANI, Newspaper Man, Semanggi Café, Jakarta.

- ARAHMAIANI, Show Me Your Heart, Und Ab Die Post, Postfuhramt Berlin.

- BAJEVIC Maja, Woment at Work-Under Construction (Trilogy), 1999.

In her collective performances with other women, Maja Bajevic (1967, Bosnie-Herzegovine) relocates women’s handiwork – washing, stitching and sewing – to public space, transforming these arts into domestic practices of female knowledge and historical memory. Bajevic’s performances ans installations integrate biographical aspects from her own life while also reflecting the social changes brought about by the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the 1990s. The artist’s poetic imagery maps out political and social conflicts, the construction of power and identity and the relationship between loss and reappropriation.

Under Construction is part of the trilogy Women at Work and documents a performance Bajevic staged with five war refugees from Srebrenica. The performance lasted several days at the national gallery in Sarajevo during its renovation. In a symbolic act of marking public space and joining male and female work, the women embroidered ethnic patterns on the construction netting.

- BANANA Anna, Italy Goes Bananas, Sala 1, Rome (June 25), 1999.

- BING Han, Countdown to the Xiaodang Society, 1999.

- CHIHARU Shiota, Bathroom, 1999.

- CUNNINGHAM Merce, Biped, 1999 (danse)

- DEIMLING BBB Johannes, Cover Your Tracks, 1999-2002.

- DIAZ Maria Adela, Para la Superficie/For the Surface, 1999.

Performance, intervention. Duration: 1 hour. Historic Center Festival and the Commission of Urban Art, Central Park, Guatemala, 1999. Typing poems inside a sewer, moored the poems on ropes up to the audience. They could take a piece of my poetry, read it out loud and/or make poetry of their own.

- GALINDO Regina José

— Regina José Galindo by Francisco Goldman (http://bombmagazine.org/article/2780/regina-jos-galindo) (29/12/2014), translated from the Spanish by Ezra Fitz and Francisco Goldman/Bomb 94-Winter 2006 : 

« A slight young woman in a black dress walks barefoot through the streets of Guatemala City, carrying a white basin filled with human blood. She sets the basin down, steps into it and then out, leaving a trail of bloody footprints from the Constitutional Court building to the old National Palace. The corrupt Constitutional Court had recently allowed the former military dictator, General Rios Mont, to run for president despite the Constitution’s barring of past presidents who gained power by military coup. A Guatemalan who didn’t know that it was a performance titled Who can erase the traces? – or even who had never heard of performance art – would have had no trouble understanding the symbolism: the ghostly footprints representing the hundreds of thousands of civilians murdered, overwhelmingly by the Army, during the long years of war and after; the persistence of memory in the face of official policies of enforced forgetting and impunity. I’ve read (and have contributed) plenty of words, a surfeit of words, about violence and injustice in Guatemala. That trail of bloody footprints was the most powerful statement I’d encountered in ages.

I’d never paid much attention to performance art, but I do always keep an eye out for anything having to do with Guatemala. Regina José Galindo came to my attention when I read that she’d won the Golden Lion award for the best young artist at the 2005 Venice Biennale. She was awarded the prize for Who can erase the traces? as well as two other video presentations and one performance. In the latter she crawled inside a pale gray cube and whipped herself 256 times, one for each woman murdered in Guatemala so far that year.

Internet research revealed a prolific artist (Galindo writes poetry too) of astonishing imagination and conviction, who uses her body to create powerful visual metaphors and symbols that are never just obscure. In a group show on the theme of what it means to be a Guatemalan, she repeatedly injected herself with valium. In another performance, she put herself inside a garbage bag and was deposited at the municipal dump; crawled into the ring to fight with with a professional wrestler; made a five-day journey from Guatemala to Lima, Peru, and back, blindfolded. That is a tiny selection. I’am awed by the economy of her work, by her courage, by the spectacle of self-devouring and obsessive seeking. Galindo expresses the Guatemalan experience with searing intimacy, its pain and horror and daily humiliation, but also its resiliency and peculiar vividness. As her Venice Prize recognizes, she also speaks universally; outside Guatemala, she must often seem like an artist from a Kafka story, on a riveting and terrible quest whose meaning seems both inexpressible and unbearably true. 

– Francisco Goldman: I imagine that we should begin with a few words about what is happening today in Guatemala. Hurricane Stan, the flooding, the terrible loss of lives, the general calamity that is going to sink people even deeper into lives of inescapable poverty. What did Guatemala do to deserve so much suffering?

– Regina José Galindo: To me this question feels too deep, too heartrending. As you say, my country has suffered an eternity of calamities of all shapes and sizes: a mortal conquest, the maltreatment of indigenous villages and the negation of their rights throughout our entire history, the Gringo intervention, an infernal 36-year war, evil governments, spine-chilling levels of corruption, a murderous army, histories of violence that are a daily nightmare of inequality, hunger, misery – and now this, which unlike the aformentioned things is a natural disaster. How is such karma even possible?

But you ask you what Guatemala did to desserve all this. Perhaps the proper questions would be: What haven’t we done? Why have been so afraid, and tolerated so much fear? Why have we not woken up and taken action? When are we going to stop being so submissive?

I feel impotent, unable to change things, but this rage has sustained me, and I’ve watched it grow since I first became aware of what was happening. It’s like an engine – a conflict inside me that never yields, never stops turning, ever.

– F. G.: If someone had asked me if I thought a performance about Guatemala’s violence, past or present, could be something as moving and surprising, as direct and effective and simply poetic, as you Quién puede olvidar las huellas? (Who can erase the traces?), I guess I would have said no. (And say that despite the fact that I can only ‘‘see’’ it via the Internet – maybe that’s not such a bad definition of how conceptual art works, when it works: you see an image, a trace, a link or a ‘‘footprint’’ on a screen, read a bit of text, and then imagine the rest!) The other two works that you presented in Venice were of equal impact and eloquence. And they seem related to the spirit of your poetry, though your performance artworks are grand public gestures, and your poetry is intensely personal. Where did Who Can Erase Traces come from? What were your hopes for it? Who thinks of doing something like that, and why?

– R.J.G.: It emerged from rage and fear. When it was annonced that Efrain Ríos Montt had managed to win acceptance as a presidential candidate, I was in my room, and I suffered an attack of panic and depression. I cried out, I kicked and stomped my feet, I cursed the system that rules us. How was it possible that a character as dark as this would have such power with which to bend everything to his will? I decided then and there that I would take to the streets with my shout and amplify it. I had to do it.

– F. G.: What was the experience of performing it? When you were walking barefoot through the streets carrying that basin of blood, stopping, dipping your feet in it, leaving your prints, going on and doing it again, what were you thinking about? Were you aware of people watching you? Is that personal experience, the interior space – even the memory of having lived it – part of the work? Did you learn anything unexpected from the public’s reaction? And what did you do that night? After doing something like that, can you just sit down to dinner with your family, then go to sleep?

– R.J.G.: Every performance requires a different energy, and in each of them I have experienced distinct sensations and thoughts. The process of this performance was a bit cold, clinical. I went out to buy the human blood in the morning, and then I began the walk. It probably lasted about 45 minutes: that walk on pavement that did not burn.

I suppose my mind feel completely silent during that time. I was focused on the image of dipping my feet and leaving my footprints at every step along the way. But when I got to the Palacio Nacional and saw the line of police officers guarding it, I ignited. I walked more firmly, I reached the main doors, I saw the eyes looking back at me, and I left two final footprints side by side. I left the basin holding the blood there too. Nobody followed me, nobody said anything. I quickly walked across the street, washed my feet off in the park fountain, got something to eat, and then went back to my job that afternoon.

– F. G.: In the Guatemalan context, it is profoundly political work. Did it have a political impact? And how is it different to present it, even on video, in Venice?

– R.J.G.: To present it on video is simply to show a document. In this case, whoever sees this document can come to know the history behind it.

As for the performance itself, it was all over in a moment, and I felt as I always do, that it hadn’t done any good. But a group of artists began the necessary work: spreading word of the performance and the message. A curator friend of mine, Rosina Cazali, send out images of the performance alongside a text declaring Rios Mott’s candidacy unacceptable. I say that these efforts were necessary, because Guatemala is a country without memory. The people, with little access to education, are easy to mislead with promises and the little gifts that policians hand out during election campaigns. The official party, to which Rios Montt belonged and belongs, made a huge effort and had all the power to reach the Guatemalan minorities, who had difficulty connecting the actual Rios Montt (the presidential candidate) to the past dictator-president who was guilty of the greatest crimes against their own people, their own blood. Every effort was necessary, any help at all, it was all needed to shout out the truth, by whatever means. After they were published online, the images of the performance were then published in newspapers that reached various groups.

– F. G.: Guatemalans, for all their collective psychosis, sometimes live in a tate of negation; they’ve certainly become used to hearing denunciations of the human rights violations, the violence and massacres, etc., that occurred during the years of war. That doesn’t lessen the valor of your work on the subject – but Regina, in Guatemala, a work like Himenoplastia (Hymenoplasty) must have been unprecedented. It must have hit like a bomb. Obviously it’s an act of rage that many – the majority even, myself included – can’t help but contemplate with a sense of incomprehension, perhaps even paralysis. It moves me almost to tears to think about what could have brought you to such an extreme. Please, talk a little bit about that work.

– R.J.G.: One day in April I was reading the newspaper, and I saw an article about reconstructing the hymen. Then I saw a classified ad purporting to restore virginity. I went to the advertised place, which was a bit seedy, and interviewed the doctor. At that time I was working on an idea for a group show organized by Belia de Vico, which was titled Cinismo (Cynicism). I went back to the place with Belia, we spoke with the doctor, I showed him my work, and we broached the idea of filming the process. He agreed to do it for a certain amount of money.

I went to the clinic several times to observe the women who were patients there. I spoke with the doctor several times too, and he told me the stories of many of his patients. The majority of the patients want to regain their intactness for their wedding. They do it to gain a certain social status. In other cases, children and adolescent victims of sex trafficking are operated on so that they will fetch a better price. It is preferable to buy a virgin girl not only because of her virginity but also because it is considered better protection against STDs.

On the day of the operation, I went with Belia and Annibal Lopez, an artist and good friend. The operation was quick. Half an hour. Painful. Chaotic.

We left, feeling happy that it was over. We talked about what to have for breakfast. I wanted pancakes. In Belia’s car, I began to feel a warm liquid between my legs, flowing more and more with every passing second. We drove back to her house and I put on a sort of diaper, but nothing could stop the flow. Then we went to my gynecologist’s clinic – my doctor there had been seeing me for years, and has asked to examine me after the operation – and from there to the hospital. Everything happened so fast. They dressed me in a grown, laid me on a bed, stuck an anesthetic in my arm, and as I was fading into sleep I could hear the nurses talking among themselves, feeling sorry for me as they had for the mmany other girls who had been admitted to the hospital bleeding from a botched medical procedure, be it an abortion or a hymenoplasty.

The video was edited within a few days, and a week later it was exhibited as part of Belia’s show. So many things must have been said about it. I didn’t pay any attention to any of it, not at any time. It was already done, and I knew that I’d had to do it.

– F. G.: Who was this done for?

– R.J.G.: I suppose that – like everything I do – this was done for me.

– F. G.: What expectations did you have for this project?

– R.J.G.: I never have any expectations after completing something. What I do have is a certain amount of nervousness and anxiety before every performance. But after that I have no expectations. It’s done.

– F. G.: Do you still write poetry? Obviously, with the preoccupation with the feminine – and masculine – body that you express in your poetry, it’s easy to see the link with some of your performances. I am especially impressed with the powerful simplicity of your poetry. And some of it is suprisingly funny. Did you write poetry before you began practicing visual art?

– R.J.G.: Writing was the first thing I did; I’ve written since I was a girl. I kept little diaries filled with lamentations, complaints and rants. I began keeping a diary when I turned nine, which is when I had my first period. The first page of it is a tormented narration of my bleeding body.

Though I still do it from time to time, writing is for me a land filled with great fear. For a time, poetry was of supreme importance to me, and I valued it quite a bit, in the same way that I now do my work using the body. I participed in poetry workshops, and I gave readings anywhere I could, anywhere I was invited to.

I still write, embarrassingly enough. Knowing full well what my limitations are as a writer, I do have some new poems or vignettes that are so very, very bad that they even make me sad. I have started up a blog where I can vomit out a steady stream of purely cathartic words. I know that barely anybody has read it; nobody ever visits the website. I’m just doing it as an exercise.

Is it funny? I hadn’t thought of it like that.

– F. G.: Well, maybe that’s just me. There is something sharp, something picante in your poems – maybe it’s the shock of truth, or the bluntness, that makes me laugh. Well, at least in a poem like Si fuera José (If I were José):

« If I were José

– only José –

I wouldn’t have this atrophied penis

my tits would vanish

I’d be full of hair.

I wouldn’t fuck them at will

nor would I always look at their asses.

If I were José

I’d be just as vulgar

and I wouldn’t fall in love with Regina. »

There’s definitely a spirit of satiric playfulness in your performance Angelina. When you did Angelina, you worked as a maid, or at least you went around dressed in a maid’s uniform. It is difficult dor someone from the US to understand what it means to be a domestic servant in Guatemala.

– R.J.G.: I dressed as a domestic servant and went about my normal life. The experience was extremely interesting right from the start, but as the days went by it became quite difficult indeed. Guatemala is a racist, exclusive, completely divided culture. Being a servant has many disadvantages. You’re a woman, and a poor woman at that, generally with little education and dubious origins. You aren’t worth a thing, and so they look down on you, and you go around with you shoulders always slumped, and they speak to you always with that disparaging tone in their voice. They barly deign to notice you, they won’t let you into many places, and when they do let you enter, they stare at you disdainfully. At the end of the month, my self-esteem was in the dirt.

[…]

– F. G.: You poetry is written in first person and takes on a confessional tone. How would you compare the process of the poetic act with that of the performative act?

– R.J.G.: The similarities lie along two lines. On the formal side I find it to be an obsessive search for cleanliness and for synthesis, as much in writing as in doing a performance. Conceptually, I find thematic similarities, like my dissatisfaction with the world and the system in which I happen to live. There is a cathartic effect in both my exercises, but it has different results for me, as do my experiences of life. When I write a text, I make an effort to not involve more than my brain and my emotions: my cry is not powerful enough to leave me exhausted. In the act of writing, energy is diluted into a passive being. Whereas in the moment of realizing a performance, something in which I am completely involved, it’s not only intellectual process of developping the proposal but also principally the energy that I gather to carry out the performance. In performance art, everything is real action: the energy explodes, reaches unexpected boudaries. The experience involves my entire being and sometimes even the beings of the people present.

– F. G.: I am very interested in the remark you made to me over the phone last week about how people on the streets react when they see your performances: whether or not they understand it as ‘‘art’’ or as more a protest, they don’t find it stranger, more frightening, or more offensive than what they see in the streets every day. (And I’m not talking about ‘‘magic realism.’’) Could you say more about this?

– R.J.G.: My head is filled with hallucinated, surreal, tragic, and inconceivable images. I have seen many faces, characters, moments and places in my country. It is part of what it means to be Guatemalan. It is, in part, what makes us.

In Guatemala, though spirits are genarally gray, color abounds. Blue sky, green mountains, red blood. It’s not uncommon to see an armed clown holding up a bus, a yellow canary picking slips of paper out of a pocket, a body drowning in its own blood on the asphalt.

I did a performance in 1999 called Lo voy a gritar al viento. I hung from the arch extending across the street from the post office in downtown Guatemala City, a heavily trafficked area, and read my poems without a microphone, alluding to the fact that no one listens to women’s voices, that they’re effectively lost in the wind. With this piece I was confident that I would seen and analyzed from a general, popular perspective, not a formal, artistic one. This was a woman on the verge of throwing herself into space, a woman protesting violence, one more crazy person. My long walk of the bloody footprints was not initially understood as a performance, but every step was indeed understood as memory and death. As Guatemalans we knows how to decipher any image of pain, because we have all seen it up close.

– F. G.: Everyone has heard about the horrific, unpunished and largely unexplained murders of women in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. But it seems that nearly as women die violently in one year in Guatemala as have over 10 years in Ciudad Juárez, but almost nobody pays any attention to this. (Though just last week there was a strong editorial in the New Yok Times about the murder of women in Guatemala and the utter lack of an official or police response.) What is happening in Guatemala, and why? But maybe that’s too big a question… Your response as an artist, in your performance 279 Golpes (279 Blows), was very moving. You enclosed yourself inside a gray cube, and flagellated yourself. One blow for every woman murdered in 2004. Terrible. The performance protests the violence of men – but it also has a monastic element, a sense of self-blame and penitence, almost fanatical, and riveting.

– R.J.G.: There are many theories for why so many women are killed in Guatemala. Not all deaths originate from the same direct causes, but all murders are commited under the same premise: that it is done, it is cleaned up, and nothing happens, nothing occurs, nobody says a thing. A dead woman means nothing, a hundred dead women mean nothing, three hundred dead women mean nothing. The difference between Ciudad Juárez and Guatemala is that in Guatemala women are not only killed, but first they are subjected to horrible forms of torture, cut into little pieces and decapitated. I saw the hacked-up legs of a woman near my home, one day, and nobody paid any attention to the at all.

I cannot separate myself from what happens. It scares me, it enrages me, it hurts me, it depresses me. When I do what I do, I don’t try to approach my own pain as a means od seeing myself and curing myself from that vantage; in every action I try to channel my own pain, my own energy, to transform it into something more collective. […] »

- GALINDO Regina José, El cielo llora tanto que debería ser mujer, 1999.

Me sumerjo en una tina llena de agua y aguanto la respiración hasta que no puedo más. Salgo a tomar oxigeno y vuelvos a sumergirme. (Galeria Belia de Vico. Guatemala. 1999)

- GALINDO Regina José, El dolor en un pañuelo, 1999, Guatemala, photo. Marvin Oliveros.

Amarrada a una cama vertical, se proyectan sobre mi cuerpo noticias de violaciones y abusos cometidos en contra de la mujer en Guatemala.

(colectiva Sin Pelos en la Lengua, (PAI). Plaza G&T, Guatemala, 1999)

- GALINDO Regina José, Esperando al princípe azul, 1999.

Permanezco acostada en una cama cubierta con sábana nupcial. Esta sábana cubria el cuerpo completo de la mujer y tenia un pequeño agujero a la altura de la vagina, lo cual aseguraba que el acto sexual iba a llevarse a cabo solamente con fines reproductivos.

(Edificio de Correos, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala, 1999)

- GALINDO Regina José, Lo voy a gritar al viento, 1999, photo: Marvin Olivares & Ron Mocan.

Me cuelgo del Arco del Edificio de Correos de la ciudad de Guatemala y leo poemas al aire.

(II Festival del Centro Histórico, Arco de Correos. Guatemala. 1999)

- HUAN Zhang, Breath, 1999, Miami.

- HUAN Zhang, Dream of Dragon, 1999, San Francisco.

- HUAN Zhang, My America, 1999.

« I moved to NYC from Beijing in 1998, I faced a totally different culture and society. It was a new beginning, working and living, to me I describe as: Hard to Acclimatize. I bought Chinese culture of five thousand years from the other side of the earth, something can be changed, but something can not be changed in my life.

I remembered one day when I had dinner, I went to find some food for my pregnant wife, walking to Madison Square, suddenly a guy asked me: Are you hungry ? then he gave me some bread. I felt very strange, maybe it hurt my dignity a little ? I could not say what exactly were my feelings at the time, and eventually I came home with the bread. Recently some one told me that bread is often provided by soup kitchens to the homeless.

When I heard that – I felt shocked – I got so many memories at the same time, and these inspired my idea for a new work. »

- HUAN Zhang, Sunshine, 1999.

- HUBAUT Joël, Cybaclom Blanc, 1999.

- KOHOUT Milan, I do not want to be leashed, 1999, Pula, Croatia.

- KOVYLINA Elena, The Babylonic Tower, 6-11-1999, The Performance Photo by Alexander Schumov, Ovjedo.

- KUSAMA Yayoi, Dots Obsession Performance, 1999.

- MARTINEZ César, America Gelatina, 1999, Casa de America, Madrid.

- MARTINEZ César, El cadaver exquisito, 1999.

Escultura humana de chocolARTE comestible para commemorar el Dia de Sant Joan. Fundació Pilar i Joan Miró a Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, Espanã, 1999. Curatoria de Aurelio Torrente.

- SEMPER Ene-Liis, Oasis, 1999, Venice Biennal.

- SIERRA Santiago, Ligne de 250 cm tatouée sur 6 personnes, 1999, Espace Aglutinator, La Havane, Cuba, déc. 1999.

Six jeunes hommes sans emploi de l’Ancienne Havane ont été payés 30$ en échange de se faire tatouer une ligne dans le dos.

- ZHU Ming, 8 May 1999, 1999.